The first task is to 
    specify the conditions. One important question is: where should we do the 
    analysis? Should we use the 5-7% downgrade, the 1-2% upgrade, or the 1-2% 
    downgrade? The HCM says: use the section that will produce the most 
    conservative estimate of the LOS. That is, worst case governs. 
    
    So we’ll use the 1-2% 
    upgrade section. In addition, because it is a mile long or more, we’ll assume 
    it’s a constant grade, not a  rolling or  mountainous section. (As an 
    aside, those categories don’t really have to do with where the 
    facility is. They relate a lot more to the vertical profile of the segment. 
    For example, a freeway running along a mountaintop is  level even though 
    it’s in a mountainous region.)
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    Sub-problem 1b